Node
A node is a connection point, either a redistribution point or an end point for data transmissions. In general, a node has programmed or engineered capability to recognize and process or forward transmissions to other nodes.
Client
A client is an application that runs on a personal computer or workstation and relies on a server to perform some operations. For example, an e-mail client is an application that enables you to send and receive e-mail.
Server
A server is an application running on a computer that delivers a service. For example, a web server will deliver web pages when requested by a browser (called client in this context).
Hub
It is a central connection for all the computers in a network, which is usually Ethernet-based. Information sent to the hub can flow to any other computer on the network. If you need to connect more than two computers together, a hub will allow you to do so.
Host Computer
Main or controlling computer connected to other computers or terminals to which it provides data or computing services via a network.
Network Interface Cards
A network interface card (NIC) is a computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network.
Network Administrator
Network administrator is a modern profession responsible for the maintenance of computer hardware and software that comprises a computer network. This normally includes the deployment, configuration, maintenance and monitoring of active network equipment.
Network Operating System (NOS)
NOS is the software that allows multiple computers to communicate, share files and hardware devices with one another. Some examples of network operating systems include Novell NetWare, Microsoft Windows NT, Microsoft Windows 2000 etc.
Distributed processing
Distributed processing is used to describe the distribution of multiple computers throughout an organization in contrast to a centralized system.
Network manager
NetworkManager is a software utility aimed at simplifying the use of computer networks on Linux and other Unix-like operating systems.
Sunday, October 25, 2009
Monday, October 5, 2009
Input and Output
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Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
Optical-character Recognition (OCR).jpg)
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Portable Printer
a device that can send or receive pictures and text over a telephone line. Fax machines work by digitizing an image -- dividing it into a grid of dots. Each dot is either on or off, depending on whether it is black or white. Electronically, each dot is represented by a bit that has a value of either 0 (off) or 1 (on). In this way, the fax machine translates a picture into a series of zeros and ones (called a bit map) that can be transmitted like normal computer data.
Multifunctional Devices
Internet Telephones
Technology that converts analog speech signals into digital signals and routes them through packet-switched networks of the internet. These signals bypass the traditional circuit-switched networks used for telephone calls and thus escape the long-distance phone charges.
MICR, is a character recognition technology used primarily by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques. The technology allows computers to read information (such as account numbers) off of printed documents.
Optical-character Recognition (OCR)
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OCR, is the mechanical or electronic translation of images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text (usually captured by a scanner) into machine-editable text. An OCR system enables you to take a book or a magazine article, feed it directly into an electronic computer file, and then edit the file using a word processor.
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Optical-mark Recognition (OMR)
Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) is the technology of electronically extracting intended data from marked fields, such as checkboxes and fill-in fields, on printed forms. It is generally distinguished from OCR by the fact that a recognition engine is not required. This requires the image to have high contrast and an easily-recognizable or irrelevant shape.
Dot Matrix Printer
Dot Matrix Printer is a type of printer that produces characters and illustrations by striking pins against an ink ribbon to print closely spaced dots in the appropriate shape. Dot-matrix printers are relatively expensive and do not produce high-quality output. However, they can print to multi-page forms (that is, carbon copies), something laser and ink-jet printers cannot do.
Plotters
A device that draws pictures on paper based on commands from a computer. Plotters differ from printers in that they draw lines using a pen. As a result, they can produce continuous lines, whereas printers can only simulate lines by printing a closely spaced series of dots. Multicolor plotters use different-colored pens to draw different colors. It can be used to create layouts, diagrams, specs, and banners.
Photo Printer
A photo printer is a printer (usually an inkjet printer) that is specifically designed to print high quality digital photos on photo paper. These printers usually have a very high number of nozzles and are capable of printing droplets as small as 1 picoliter.
Portable PrinterPortable printer gives you the freedom to print from nearly anywhere. You can print high-quality documents and photos from your laptop PC, or any number of portable devices, such as PDAs, digital cameras, camera phones, and memory cards.
Fax Machine
a device that can send or receive pictures and text over a telephone line. Fax machines work by digitizing an image -- dividing it into a grid of dots. Each dot is either on or off, depending on whether it is black or white. Electronically, each dot is represented by a bit that has a value of either 0 (off) or 1 (on). In this way, the fax machine translates a picture into a series of zeros and ones (called a bit map) that can be transmitted like normal computer data.
Multifunctional DevicesMultifunctional devices have evolved from photocopiers and have many areas of functionality, predominantly printing, faxing, scanning and integration with other applications.
Internet Telephones Technology that converts analog speech signals into digital signals and routes them through packet-switched networks of the internet. These signals bypass the traditional circuit-switched networks used for telephone calls and thus escape the long-distance phone charges.
Telephony
Telephony is the technology associated with the electronic transmission of voice, fax, or other information between distant parties using systems historically associated with the telephone, a handheld device containing both a speaker or transmitter and a receiver.
Monday, September 28, 2009
System Unit
Expansion Card 
Also known as an add-on card, internal card or interface adapter. An expansion card is an electronic circuit board that adds more functionality to a desktop computer. Expansion cards are installed into the expansion slot of a computer motherboard and give that computer a new ability, such as the ability to connect to another computer using a network cable. Video cards and sound cards are common examples of PC expansion cards.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Network Interface Card is a device that allows computers to.jpg)
be joined together in a LAN, or local area network. A NIC technically is network adapter hardware in the form factor of an add-in card such as a PCI or PCMCIA card. Networked computers communicate with each other using a given protocol or agreed-upon language for transmitting data packets between the different machines, known as nodes. The network interface card acts as the liaison for the machine to both send and receive data on the LAN.
Plug & Play
Plug and Play is a capability that gives users the ability to plug a device into a computer and have the computer recognize that the device is there. facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system, without the need for physical device configuration, or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts.
Sockets
Sockets are the built-in interfaces on motherboards that accept various hardware components. When compatible devices are plugged into computer sockets, they communicate with the system to provide functionality. Sockets are bidirectional, meaning that either side of the connection is capable of both sending and receiving data. Dial-up modems, graphics cards and sound cards are just some examples.
Chips
A chip is a small electronic circuit, also known as an integrated circuit, which is one of the basic components of most kinds of electronic devices, especially computers. are made of semiconductors that is usually composed of silicon, on which several tiny components including transistor are embedded and used to transmit electronic data signals. A typical chip is less than ¼-square inches and can contain millions of electronic components.
Slots
A slot is an opening in a computer where you can insert a printed circuit board and allow you to expand the capabilities of a computer.
Bus lines
Bus lines are the communicating electronic lines that connect different parts of the CPU to various other parts. In addition, the bus lines also link the CPU to different parts on the system board of your computer. The data flows in the form of bits along the bus lines. The computer can run efficiently and will perform the operations at a faster rate.
Serial Port
A serial port is a general-purpose interface that can be used for almost any type of device, including modems, mice, and printers which is a physical interface through which information transfers in or out one bit at a time. data transfer through serial ports connected the computer to devices such a terminal and various peripherals.
Parallel Port
A parallel port is a type of interface found on computer for connecting various peripherals. The parallel port is sometimes called a Centronics interface. It is sometimes also referred to as a printer port because the printer is the device most commonly attached to the parallel port.
Universal Serial Bus Port
Universal Serial Bus Port is a way of setting up communication between a computer and peripheral devices. It can supports data transfer rate of 12 Mbps. A single USB port can be used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices, such as mice, modems, and keyboards.
Firewall Port
FireWire provides a single plug-and-socket connection on which up to 63 devices can be attached with data transfer speeds up to 400 Mbps (megabits per second).
Also known as an add-on card, internal card or interface adapter. An expansion card is an electronic circuit board that adds more functionality to a desktop computer. Expansion cards are installed into the expansion slot of a computer motherboard and give that computer a new ability, such as the ability to connect to another computer using a network cable. Video cards and sound cards are common examples of PC expansion cards.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Network Interface Card is a device that allows computers to
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be joined together in a LAN, or local area network. A NIC technically is network adapter hardware in the form factor of an add-in card such as a PCI or PCMCIA card. Networked computers communicate with each other using a given protocol or agreed-upon language for transmitting data packets between the different machines, known as nodes. The network interface card acts as the liaison for the machine to both send and receive data on the LAN.Plug & Play
Plug and Play is a capability that gives users the ability to plug a device into a computer and have the computer recognize that the device is there. facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system, without the need for physical device configuration, or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts.
Sockets
Sockets are the built-in interfaces on motherboards that accept various hardware components. When compatible devices are plugged into computer sockets, they communicate with the system to provide functionality. Sockets are bidirectional, meaning that either side of the connection is capable of both sending and receiving data. Dial-up modems, graphics cards and sound cards are just some examples.Chips
A chip is a small electronic circuit, also known as an integrated circuit, which is one of the basic components of most kinds of electronic devices, especially computers. are made of semiconductors that is usually composed of silicon, on which several tiny components including transistor are embedded and used to transmit electronic data signals. A typical chip is less than ¼-square inches and can contain millions of electronic components.
Slots
A slot is an opening in a computer where you can insert a printed circuit board and allow you to expand the capabilities of a computer.
Bus lines
Bus lines are the communicating electronic lines that connect different parts of the CPU to various other parts. In addition, the bus lines also link the CPU to different parts on the system board of your computer. The data flows in the form of bits along the bus lines. The computer can run efficiently and will perform the operations at a faster rate.Serial Port
A serial port is a general-purpose interface that can be used for almost any type of device, including modems, mice, and printers which is a physical interface through which information transfers in or out one bit at a time. data transfer through serial ports connected the computer to devices such a terminal and various peripherals.
Parallel Port
A parallel port is a type of interface found on computer for connecting various peripherals. The parallel port is sometimes called a Centronics interface. It is sometimes also referred to as a printer port because the printer is the device most commonly attached to the parallel port.
Universal Serial Bus Port
Universal Serial Bus Port is a way of setting up communication between a computer and peripheral devices. It can supports data transfer rate of 12 Mbps. A single USB port can be used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices, such as mice, modems, and keyboards.
Firewall Port
FireWire provides a single plug-and-socket connection on which up to 63 devices can be attached with data transfer speeds up to 400 Mbps (megabits per second).
Monday, August 3, 2009
Careers in IT
Webmaster
Webmaster is a person who is responsible in maintaining a website. The jobs of a webmaster include ensuring that the web servers, hardware and softwares are operating accurately,designing the website, generating and revising the web pages, replying to user comments and examining traffic through the site. Webmasters also must be proficient in HTML as well as one or more scripting and interface languages such as JavaScript and Perl.
Computer support specialist
Computer support specialist are people who help with computer problems. Help-desk technicians are one of the type of computer support specialist who field phone calls or e- mails or make house calls for people who are having difficulty with a particular piece of computer hardware or software. technical support specialists provide support to people in the information processing department of a company. In addition to troubleshooting problems, they may be responsible for the operation of the company's computer systems.
Technical writer
A technical writer is often tasked with writing documentation that explains technical issues in ways that non-technical people can understand. A technical writer might be responsible for writing the how-to manual for a software application. Technical writers are often copy writers and vice-versa. Many technical writers work as freelance writers. Freelance writers are self-employed and sell their work to publishers, corporations, manufacturing firms, and advertising agencies.
Software engineer
Software engineer is a person who designs and programs system-level software, such as operating systems, database management systems (DBMSs) and embedded systems. It requires the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches.
Network administrator
Network administrator is a person who manages a communications network within an organisation. The main responsibility of a network administrator is defining and enforcing security policies, specifying routing policies, accounting for system resources on the network and ensuring that they are efficiently used, responding to hardware and systems errors, and administering any connections to external networks such as the Internet.
Database administrator
A database administrator is a person whose responsibility is in specification, design, implementation, efficient operation, and maintenance of a database This includes making backups and archiving data. It also includes on-going monitoring to ensure that the database is responding to requests quickly. Sometimes the database administrator has some hardware knowledge so that the appropriate servers can be purchased so that the database's performance is not impacted by hardware bottlenecks.
Systems analyst
A system analyst is the person who selects and configures computer systems for an organization or business. The job typically begins with determining the intended purpose of the computers. The main key of the job of a system analyst is to choose the most efficient computer solutions for a business, while making sure the systems meet all the company's needs. Therefore, the system analyst must have a solid understanding of computer hardware and software and should keep up-to-date on all the latest technologies.
Programmer
A programmer is a person who would write the code that would run on the client as well as the code that would run on the server. Programmers usually have an extensive background in some form of computer coding language, which may include XML, PHP, PERL, HTML or SQL. Programmers are essential to the development of computers because without the coding that is necessary to make a computer work properly, the machine would be useless.
Webmaster is a person who is responsible in maintaining a website. The jobs of a webmaster include ensuring that the web servers, hardware and softwares are operating accurately,designing the website, generating and revising the web pages, replying to user comments and examining traffic through the site. Webmasters also must be proficient in HTML as well as one or more scripting and interface languages such as JavaScript and Perl.
Computer support specialist
Computer support specialist are people who help with computer problems. Help-desk technicians are one of the type of computer support specialist who field phone calls or e- mails or make house calls for people who are having difficulty with a particular piece of computer hardware or software. technical support specialists provide support to people in the information processing department of a company. In addition to troubleshooting problems, they may be responsible for the operation of the company's computer systems.
Technical writer
A technical writer is often tasked with writing documentation that explains technical issues in ways that non-technical people can understand. A technical writer might be responsible for writing the how-to manual for a software application. Technical writers are often copy writers and vice-versa. Many technical writers work as freelance writers. Freelance writers are self-employed and sell their work to publishers, corporations, manufacturing firms, and advertising agencies.
Software engineer
Software engineer is a person who designs and programs system-level software, such as operating systems, database management systems (DBMSs) and embedded systems. It requires the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches.
Network administrator
Network administrator is a person who manages a communications network within an organisation. The main responsibility of a network administrator is defining and enforcing security policies, specifying routing policies, accounting for system resources on the network and ensuring that they are efficiently used, responding to hardware and systems errors, and administering any connections to external networks such as the Internet.
Database administrator
A database administrator is a person whose responsibility is in specification, design, implementation, efficient operation, and maintenance of a database This includes making backups and archiving data. It also includes on-going monitoring to ensure that the database is responding to requests quickly. Sometimes the database administrator has some hardware knowledge so that the appropriate servers can be purchased so that the database's performance is not impacted by hardware bottlenecks.
Systems analyst
A system analyst is the person who selects and configures computer systems for an organization or business. The job typically begins with determining the intended purpose of the computers. The main key of the job of a system analyst is to choose the most efficient computer solutions for a business, while making sure the systems meet all the company's needs. Therefore, the system analyst must have a solid understanding of computer hardware and software and should keep up-to-date on all the latest technologies.
Programmer
A programmer is a person who would write the code that would run on the client as well as the code that would run on the server. Programmers usually have an extensive background in some form of computer coding language, which may include XML, PHP, PERL, HTML or SQL. Programmers are essential to the development of computers because without the coding that is necessary to make a computer work properly, the machine would be useless.
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